| Doctors then and now |
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| The first doctors |
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| Earliest times |
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All around the world, for thousands of years, poeple have been
treating illness, disease and pain.
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Archaeologists know about a dentist who worked 9,000 years ago in
Pakistan but the first doctor in history who is known by name is
Imhotep.
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He teated King Zoser the pharaoh of Egypt 4,700 years ago.
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| Greek and Roman doctors |
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The Greek doctor, Hippocrates,treated sick people 2,500 years ago.
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He believed that looking carefully at patients was important.
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This helped him to decide on the best treatment.
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| Doctors do this today. |
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Hippocrates looked and made notes.
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Two thousand years ago the Romans believed that cleanliness was
good for people's health.
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They had big baths like swimming pools.
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They brought 1,000 million litres of water a day into the city for
drinking, washing and cleaning the streets and drains.
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Everyone could use the baths in Rome.
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| Physicians in the Middle East |
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Doctors in the Middle East set up the first hospitals.
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The Persian doctor, Avicenna, wrote about medicine 1,000 years
ago.
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| His book was used for 800 years. |
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He is sometimes called the father of modern medicine.
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He realised that some diseases can travel quickly from one person
to another.
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There were no ambulances at the first hospitals.
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| European medicine |
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Two hundred years ago some European doctors began to use
microscopes to look at germs.
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Many doctors at that time did not understand that germs can be
spread by healthy people through touch.
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Doctors did not wash their hands after they had touched sick
people.
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| This is a microscope |
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| Hospital cleanliness |
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In 1847 a Hungarian doctor named Semmelweis was working in a big
hospital when he made an important discovery.
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He found that fewer patients died when the doctors washed their
hands before they treated them.
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Semmelweis could show that hand-washing was important, but the
other doctors were angry.
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| They did not like his ideas. |
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They stopped him from working in hospitals.
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He died forgotten and in disgrace - but he was right.
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In London, the surgeon Joseph Lister believed the same thing.
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He made sure that all hospital instruments were properly cleaned
before and after operations.
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Fewer people died after operations.
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Florence Nightingale, the famous nurse, believed that good nursing
needed cleanliness.
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She thought that the patients and the hospital ward had to be
clean.
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She wrote instructions to her nurses:
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Open the windows to give patients fresh air.
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Let patients sit in sunlight for part of the day.
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| Give them good food to eat. |
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| Give them clean water to drink. |
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| Clean the floor of the ward. |
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| Change the sheets on the beds. |
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| Wash the sheets. |
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| Wash the patients. |
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| Keep the drains clean. |
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| Keep it clean! |
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Nowadays we know how important it is to keep things clean but it
was not obvious then.
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Many people did not think that Florence Nightingale's ideas were
important.
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Modern nurses use disposable gloves. These protect patients from
germs.
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If you cut yourself, you must clean the cut but..Always wash your
hands first!
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| Listen 5 times |
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